Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
(a) The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting
operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes
addresses for the ALU.
……………………………………………………………….
(b) that data can be store in any storage as flash drive ,memory,usb and CD.
……………………………………………………………….
(c) Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
……………………………………………………………….
Q2:
…..
(a) The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute.
………………………………………………………………..
(b) Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
………………………………………………………………..
(c) memory: it stores data and can read and write data.
And types: 1- Read/Write Memory
2- Read Only Memories (ROM
Q (1):
(a)
The CPU consists off two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
-The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information
Like sounds, images, videos.
Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes.
-First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store.
-Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer.
-Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2):
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
1- 1-Fetch the next instruction.
2- 2-Decode the instruction.
3- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
1- Address Buss (AB).
2- Data Bus (DB).
3- Control Bus (CB).
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAM (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
(a)
The CPU has two components:
Control Unit: extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): handles arithmetic and logical operations
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that capture and retain digital information on electromagnetic , optical or silicon-based storage media
Data storage media have varying levels of capacity and speed. These include cache memory, dynamic RAM (DRAM) or main memory
(c)
Every piece of data in a computer is stored as a number , then converted to binary numbers .
Letters are converted to numbers, and photographs are converted to a large set of numbers that indicate the color and brightness of each pixel.
Answer Question NO. (2)
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps:
1-Fetch the next instruction.
1- 2-Decode the instruction.
2- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
1-Address Buss (AB) : the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2-Data Bus (DB) : the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O device .
3- Control Bus (CB) : consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
(c)
The main function of the computer memory is storing data.
1- 1- (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2- 2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM),
there are two types of ram :
– (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram
– (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
Q (1):
(a) What CPU Structure ?
1-CONTROL UNIT (CU) : this part controls the input and output devices .
2-ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) : this is the part that does all the working out: it does all the maths and makes the decisions .
3-IMMEDIATE ACCESS STORE : this is the memory available for programs and data. The more memory the CPU has – the more programs it can run at the same time; and the more data it can deal with in one go .
4 – REGISTER : are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU, there are various types of Registers those are used for various purpose. Among of the some Mostly used Registers named as AC or Accumulator, Data Register or DR, the AR or Address Register, program counter (PC),Memory Data Register (MDR) ,Index register,Memory Buffer Register.
(b)-what is Data storage ?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device. Different types of data storage play different roles in a computing environment. In addition to forms of hard data storage, there are now new options for remote data storage, such as cloud computing, that can revolutionize the ways that users access data.
(c)-how does computers store data/memory function ?
Computer data storage is a complex subject, but it can be broken down into three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
(memory function)
RAM may be the most common reference to computer memory; however, computers will use all types in a basic hierarchy.
Once the computer is turned on, the computer accesses read-only memory (ROM) and makes a quick test of the pieces of memory to ensure there are no errors. Next, the computer starts the basic input/output (BIOS) from the ROM. The operating system is started after the BIOS makes it through the startup routine; the operating system is loaded into RAM. This gives the CPU quick access to the operating system, improving performance and functionality. The CPU accesses this in a continuous cycle–and it happens millions of time per second.
Q (2):
(a)-the processor definition and its function ?
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system. The CPU is like the brains of the computer – every instruction, no matter how simple, has to go through the CPU. So let’s say you press the letter ‘k’ on your keyboard and it appears on the screen – the CPU of your computer is what makes this possible. The CPU is sometimes also referred to as the central processor unit, or processor for short. So when you are looking at the specifications of a computer at your local electronics store, it typically refers to the CPU as the processor.
(b)-what is system bus and its types?
The system bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data between a computer microprocessor and the main memory. The bus provides a communication path for the data and control signals moving between the major components of the computer system. The system bus works by combining the functions of the three main buses: namely, the data, address and control buses. Each of the three buses has its separate characteristics and responsibilities.
types of system bus is :
1-Address bus(AB):determines the amount of physical memory addressed by the processor
2-data bus(DB):the width of DB indicates the size of the data transferred between the processor and memory or I/o device
3-control bus(CB):consists of a set of control signals,typical signals includes memory read ,memory write,I/o read ,I/o write
(C)-defined memory and its types?
Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory / Volatile memory and Secondary memory / non-volatile memory. Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
1-what cpu structure?
*microprocesser is about group of electronic circuits fabricated on a semiconductor chip that can read binary instructions written in memory and process binary
data
&the functionaL basis of the cpu is implementing programs by bring orders from one momery after the other
&consistes of:
1-register=>the register in which instruction op-code is stored temporaily
2- ALU=>one of microprocessor major logic device is the arithmetic logic unit it contanis of microprocesser data processing logic
3-control unit=>is responsible for working of all other parts of the microprocessor together
4-counter=> used ina small model is used locate instructions in a proper sequence
2-what is Data storage ?
*data storage is the covert Binary-coded decimal (BCD) or reverse. data are sometimes used in a computer system to store decimal
data. These data are stored either in packed (two digits per byte) or unpacked(one digitper byte) form.
*Binary data are stored as a byte (8 bits), word (16 bits), or double word (32 bits) in a computer
system.The range of a BCD digit extends from 0000 to 1001 binary .or 0–9 decimal.
*These data may be unsigned or signed. Signed negative data are always stored
in the two’s complement form. Data that are wider than 8 bits are always stored using the
little endian format.
3-How do computers store (data -memory) function ?
*computer store data in memory .it is combination of register array and the decoder circuit.
.Memory is only a pot to save information to the need for this and
the information is either the data is a memory store in memory to be waiting for the implementation
& memory component
1-read-only memory (ROM)
2-flash memory (EEPROM)
3-static randomaccess memory (SRAM)
4-dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
4-Address bus=>unidirectional and carries memory and input /output addresses
5-data bus =>bidirectional transfers binary data and instruction between MPU and memory and i/o
6-control bus=>read and write timing signals asserted by MPU
7-system bus :The components of the computer system must communicate with
each other and with the outside world. Although it may be possible
to connect each component to the CPU separately as a practical
matter this would require too many physical connects. To keep the
number of connections manageable, the processor is connected to
memory and all peripherals using a bus.
[1]
a)What is CPU structure ?
1- The control unit (CU): is responsible for obtaining instructions from the computer memory and then interprets and executes them.
2- The arithmetic logic unit (ALU): performs all the arithmetic and logic functions for the computer.
3- Registers: used to store and transfer data and instructions.
b)what is data storage?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device.
c)How do computers store data- – memory function?
Computer data storage is a complex subject, but it can be broken down into three basic processes.
1)Data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store.
2) The numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer.
3) the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
[2]
a)The processor definition and its function ?
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute. Each step includes intermediate steps, some of
which are:
1- Fetch the next instruction:
– Place it in a holding area called a queue.
– Decode the instruction.
2- Decode the instruction
– Perform address translation.
– Fetch operand from memory.
3- Execute the instruction.
– Perform the required calculation.
– Store results in memory or register.
– Set status flag attached to the CPU.
b)what is system bus and its types?
1- Address Buss (AB): the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2- Data Bus (DB): the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O
device.
3- Control Bus (CB): consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
These control signals indicates the type of action taking place
on the system bus.
c) defined memory and its types?
Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory / Volatile memory and Secondary memory / non-volatile memory. Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
(a) The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting
operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes
addresses for the ALU.
(b) that data can be store in any storage as flash drive ,memory,usb
(c) Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q2:
(a) The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode,
(b) Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
(c) memory: it stores data and can read and write data.
And types: 1- Read/Write Memory
2- Read Only Memories (ROM
محمد نصحى محمود محمد
المستوى الرابع
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
ابراهيم عبدالله ابراهيم
المستوي /صفر
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
ابراهيم عبدالله ابراهيم
المستوى صفر
Q (1)
(a)
The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device ‘ or it is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information
Like sounds, images, videos.
Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2)
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
1- 1-Fetch the next instruction.
2- 2-Decode the instruction.
3- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
1- 1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2- 2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAM (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
1-
a)What is CPU structure?
Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory) and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components.
b)What is data storage?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device. Different types of data storage play different roles in a computing environment. In addition to forms of hard data storage, there are now new options for remote data storage, such as cloud computing, that can revolutionize the ways that users access data.
C)Howdocomputersstoredata memory function?
Computers store data in different hardware modules depending on the nature and size of the data.
Here’s a quick rundown:
Registers: small units of memory that has the shortest access time but it can’t store a significant amount of data.
ROM (Read Only Memory): contains the non-modifiable firmware data.
RAM (Random Access Memory): store dynamically allocated data.
Hard disk / floppy disk / flash drive: contains your files, it can store a large amount of data and has the longest access time of all storages.
2]
a)The processor definition and its function ?
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute. Each step includes intermediate steps, some of
which are:
1- Fetch the next instruction:
– Place it in a holding area called a queue.
– Decode the instruction.
2- Decode the instruction
– Perform address translation.
– Fetch operand from memory.
3- Execute the instruction.
– Perform the required calculation.
– Store results in memory or register.
– Set status flag attached to the CPU.
b)what is system bus and its types?
1- Address Buss (AB): the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2- Data Bus (DB): the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O
device.
3- Control Bus (CB): consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
These control signals indicates the type of action taking place
on the system bus.
c) defined memory and its types?
The memory of a computer system consist of tiny electronic
switches, with each switch set in one of two states: open or close.
It is however more convenient to think of these states as 0 and 1.Computer memory is of two basic types Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
Q (1)
(a)
The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information Like sounds, images, videos.Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
Fetch the next instruction.
Decode the instruction.
Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
Address Buss (AB).
Data Bus (DB).
Control Bus (CB).
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
Read operation read a previously stored data.
Write operation stores a value in a memory.
1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAMS (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
Q(1)
…..
(a) The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting
operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes
addresses for the ALU.
……………………………………………………………….
(b) that data can be store in any storage as flash drive ,memory,usb and CD.
……………………………………………………………….
(c) Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
……………………………………………………………….
Q2:
…..
(a) The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute.
………………………………………………………………..
(b) Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
………………………………………………………………..
(c) memory: it stores data and can read and write data.
And types: 1- Read/Write Memory
2- Read Only Memories (ROM
Q (1):
(a)
The CPU consists off two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
-The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information
Like sounds, images, videos.
Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes.
-First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store.
-Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer.
-Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2):
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
1- 1-Fetch the next instruction.
2- 2-Decode the instruction.
3- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
1- Address Buss (AB).
2- Data Bus (DB).
3- Control Bus (CB).
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAM (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
Answer Question No . (1)
(a)
The CPU has two components:
Control Unit: extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): handles arithmetic and logical operations
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that capture and retain digital information on electromagnetic , optical or silicon-based storage media
Data storage media have varying levels of capacity and speed. These include cache memory, dynamic RAM (DRAM) or main memory
(c)
Every piece of data in a computer is stored as a number , then converted to binary numbers .
Letters are converted to numbers, and photographs are converted to a large set of numbers that indicate the color and brightness of each pixel.
Answer Question NO. (2)
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps:
1-Fetch the next instruction.
1- 2-Decode the instruction.
2- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
1-Address Buss (AB) : the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2-Data Bus (DB) : the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O device .
3- Control Bus (CB) : consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
(c)
The main function of the computer memory is storing data.
1- 1- (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2- 2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM),
there are two types of ram :
– (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram
– (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
Q (1):
(a) What CPU Structure ?
1-CONTROL UNIT (CU) : this part controls the input and output devices .
2-ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) : this is the part that does all the working out: it does all the maths and makes the decisions .
3-IMMEDIATE ACCESS STORE : this is the memory available for programs and data. The more memory the CPU has – the more programs it can run at the same time; and the more data it can deal with in one go .
4 – REGISTER : are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU, there are various types of Registers those are used for various purpose. Among of the some Mostly used Registers named as AC or Accumulator, Data Register or DR, the AR or Address Register, program counter (PC),Memory Data Register (MDR) ,Index register,Memory Buffer Register.
(b)-what is Data storage ?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device. Different types of data storage play different roles in a computing environment. In addition to forms of hard data storage, there are now new options for remote data storage, such as cloud computing, that can revolutionize the ways that users access data.
(c)-how does computers store data/memory function ?
Computer data storage is a complex subject, but it can be broken down into three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
(memory function)
RAM may be the most common reference to computer memory; however, computers will use all types in a basic hierarchy.
Once the computer is turned on, the computer accesses read-only memory (ROM) and makes a quick test of the pieces of memory to ensure there are no errors. Next, the computer starts the basic input/output (BIOS) from the ROM. The operating system is started after the BIOS makes it through the startup routine; the operating system is loaded into RAM. This gives the CPU quick access to the operating system, improving performance and functionality. The CPU accesses this in a continuous cycle–and it happens millions of time per second.
Q (2):
(a)-the processor definition and its function ?
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system. The CPU is like the brains of the computer – every instruction, no matter how simple, has to go through the CPU. So let’s say you press the letter ‘k’ on your keyboard and it appears on the screen – the CPU of your computer is what makes this possible. The CPU is sometimes also referred to as the central processor unit, or processor for short. So when you are looking at the specifications of a computer at your local electronics store, it typically refers to the CPU as the processor.
(b)-what is system bus and its types?
The system bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data between a computer microprocessor and the main memory. The bus provides a communication path for the data and control signals moving between the major components of the computer system. The system bus works by combining the functions of the three main buses: namely, the data, address and control buses. Each of the three buses has its separate characteristics and responsibilities.
types of system bus is :
1-Address bus(AB):determines the amount of physical memory addressed by the processor
2-data bus(DB):the width of DB indicates the size of the data transferred between the processor and memory or I/o device
3-control bus(CB):consists of a set of control signals,typical signals includes memory read ,memory write,I/o read ,I/o write
(C)-defined memory and its types?
Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory / Volatile memory and Secondary memory / non-volatile memory. Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
1-what cpu structure?
*microprocesser is about group of electronic circuits fabricated on a semiconductor chip that can read binary instructions written in memory and process binary
data
&the functionaL basis of the cpu is implementing programs by bring orders from one momery after the other
&consistes of:
1-register=>the register in which instruction op-code is stored temporaily
2- ALU=>one of microprocessor major logic device is the arithmetic logic unit it contanis of microprocesser data processing logic
3-control unit=>is responsible for working of all other parts of the microprocessor together
4-counter=> used ina small model is used locate instructions in a proper sequence
2-what is Data storage ?
*data storage is the covert Binary-coded decimal (BCD) or reverse. data are sometimes used in a computer system to store decimal
data. These data are stored either in packed (two digits per byte) or unpacked(one digitper byte) form.
*Binary data are stored as a byte (8 bits), word (16 bits), or double word (32 bits) in a computer
system.The range of a BCD digit extends from 0000 to 1001 binary .or 0–9 decimal.
*These data may be unsigned or signed. Signed negative data are always stored
in the two’s complement form. Data that are wider than 8 bits are always stored using the
little endian format.
3-How do computers store (data -memory) function ?
*computer store data in memory .it is combination of register array and the decoder circuit.
.Memory is only a pot to save information to the need for this and
the information is either the data is a memory store in memory to be waiting for the implementation
& memory component
1-read-only memory (ROM)
2-flash memory (EEPROM)
3-static randomaccess memory (SRAM)
4-dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
4-Address bus=>unidirectional and carries memory and input /output addresses
5-data bus =>bidirectional transfers binary data and instruction between MPU and memory and i/o
6-control bus=>read and write timing signals asserted by MPU
7-system bus :The components of the computer system must communicate with
each other and with the outside world. Although it may be possible
to connect each component to the CPU separately as a practical
matter this would require too many physical connects. To keep the
number of connections manageable, the processor is connected to
memory and all peripherals using a bus.
[1]
a)What is CPU structure ?
1- The control unit (CU): is responsible for obtaining instructions from the computer memory and then interprets and executes them.
2- The arithmetic logic unit (ALU): performs all the arithmetic and logic functions for the computer.
3- Registers: used to store and transfer data and instructions.
b)what is data storage?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device.
c)How do computers store data- – memory function?
Computer data storage is a complex subject, but it can be broken down into three basic processes.
1)Data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store.
2) The numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer.
3) the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
[2]
a)The processor definition and its function ?
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute. Each step includes intermediate steps, some of
which are:
1- Fetch the next instruction:
– Place it in a holding area called a queue.
– Decode the instruction.
2- Decode the instruction
– Perform address translation.
– Fetch operand from memory.
3- Execute the instruction.
– Perform the required calculation.
– Store results in memory or register.
– Set status flag attached to the CPU.
b)what is system bus and its types?
1- Address Buss (AB): the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2- Data Bus (DB): the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O
device.
3- Control Bus (CB): consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
These control signals indicates the type of action taking place
on the system bus.
c) defined memory and its types?
Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory / Volatile memory and Secondary memory / non-volatile memory. Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
Q(1)
(a) The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting
operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes
addresses for the ALU.
(b) that data can be store in any storage as flash drive ,memory,usb
(c) Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q2:
(a) The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode,
(b) Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
(c) memory: it stores data and can read and write data.
And types: 1- Read/Write Memory
2- Read Only Memories (ROM
محمد نصحى محمود محمد
المستوى الرابع
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
ابراهيم عبدالله ابراهيم
المستوي /صفر
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.
ابراهيم عبدالله ابراهيم
المستوى صفر
Q (1)
(a)
The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device ‘ or it is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information
Like sounds, images, videos.
Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2)
(a)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
1- 1-Fetch the next instruction.
2- 2-Decode the instruction.
3- 3-Execute the instruction.
(b)
Information is sent from one main component to another along the
communication channel, which is often called the System Bus.
There are three types of Bus: 1-Address Buss (AB)
2-Data Bus (DB)
3-Control Bus (CB)
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
1- 1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2- 2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAM (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
1-
a)What is CPU structure?
Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory) and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components.
b)What is data storage?
Data storage is a general term for archiving data in electromagnetic or other forms for use by a computer or device. Different types of data storage play different roles in a computing environment. In addition to forms of hard data storage, there are now new options for remote data storage, such as cloud computing, that can revolutionize the ways that users access data.
C)Howdocomputersstoredata memory function?
Computers store data in different hardware modules depending on the nature and size of the data.
Here’s a quick rundown:
Registers: small units of memory that has the shortest access time but it can’t store a significant amount of data.
ROM (Read Only Memory): contains the non-modifiable firmware data.
RAM (Random Access Memory): store dynamically allocated data.
Hard disk / floppy disk / flash drive: contains your files, it can store a large amount of data and has the longest access time of all storages.
2]
a)The processor definition and its function ?
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or
services provided by the system. The operations of a CPU
can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and
execute. Each step includes intermediate steps, some of
which are:
1- Fetch the next instruction:
– Place it in a holding area called a queue.
– Decode the instruction.
2- Decode the instruction
– Perform address translation.
– Fetch operand from memory.
3- Execute the instruction.
– Perform the required calculation.
– Store results in memory or register.
– Set status flag attached to the CPU.
b)what is system bus and its types?
1- Address Buss (AB): the width of AB determines the amount
of physical memory addressable by the processor.
2- Data Bus (DB): the width of DB indicates the size of the
data transferred between the processor and memory or I/O
device.
3- Control Bus (CB): consists of a set of control signals,
typical control signals includes memory read, memory write,
I/O read, I/O write, interrupt acknowledge, bus request.
These control signals indicates the type of action taking place
on the system bus.
c) defined memory and its types?
The memory of a computer system consist of tiny electronic
switches, with each switch set in one of two states: open or close.
It is however more convenient to think of these states as 0 and 1.Computer memory is of two basic types Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
Q (1)
(a)
The CPU is divided into two general parts:
-The ALU carry Arithmetic, logical, and shifting operations.
– The CU fetches data and instruction, and decodes addresses for the ALU.
(b)
Data storage is the collective methods and technologies that collect and obtain any digital information Like sounds, images, videos.Data can be store in any storage as flash drive, memory, usb and CD.
(c)
Computer data storage consists of three basic processes. First, data is converted to simple numbers that are easy for a computer to store. Second, the numbers are recorded by hardware inside the computer. Third, the numbers are organized, moved to temporary storage and manipulated by programs, or software.
Q (2)
The CPU or processor acts as the controller of all actions or services provided by the system.
The operations of a CPU can be reduced to three basic steps: fetch, decode, and execute:
Fetch the next instruction.
Decode the instruction.
Execute the instruction.
(b)
System Bus: Information is sent from one main component to another along the communication channel.
A Bus is a bunch of wires, and electrical path on the printed IC to which everything in the system is connected.
There are three types of Bus:
Address Buss (AB).
Data Bus (DB).
Control Bus (CB).
(c)
The basic function of computer memory is to store data.
Read operation read a previously stored data.
Write operation stores a value in a memory.
1-Read Only Memories (ROM): ROMs allow only read operation to be performed; Most ROMs are programmed and cannot be altered.
2-Read/Write Memory: is commonly referred to as Random Access Memory (RAM), it is divided into static and dynamic.
-Static RAMS (SRAM): used for implementing CPU registers and cache memories.
-Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the bulk of main memory in a typical computer system consists of dynamic ram.
Question (2)
A- the processor definition and its furniture?
A processor, or “microprocessor,” is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. And The two typical components of a CPU include the following:
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
B – what is system bus and its types?
The CPU moves data around the computer on pathways that interconnect it to all the other components on the motherboard. These pathways are called ‘buses’.
The internal bus carries data within the motherboard.
External buses carry data to peripherals and other devices attached to the motherboard.
The lines or pins of a bus are of three types:
Address – the components pass memory addresses to one another over the address bus.
Control – used to send out signals to coordinate and manage the activities of the motherboard components.
Data – transferred between peripherals, memory and the CPU. Obviously, the data bus can be a very busy pathway.
C-defined memory and its types?
The PC has two basic types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM is by far the faster of the two types of memory. In fact, RAM is often used to shadow the BIOS ROM to improve its performance during the boot process. When volatile memory loses its power source, it also loses its contents. Most types of RAM, especially DRAM, are volatile, and that’s why when you turn off the PC’s power, everything in RAM is lost. Non-volatile memory, like ROM and other types, does not lose its contents when the power source is lost.
RAM is available in different formats and has to be compatible with the motherboard.
The popular formats are
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
EDO RAM (Extended Data Output RAM)
RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module)
SRAM (Static RAM).
VRAM (Video RAM) and WRAM (Windows Accelerator Card RAM) are used on video cards as graphics memory.